Sustainable development has become a primary objective for many countries throughout the world since the late 1980’s. A major difficulty associated with sustainable development objectives, however, is the absence of reliable ...

The long term sustainability of oil and natural gas supply in New Zealand will depend upon several factors, in particular the size and location of commercially exploitable resources, and the success of industry in ...

The term biodiversity conservation can be applied to efforts to conserve genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. This paper focuses on efforts to conserve species and ecosystem diversity. Efforts to ...

Although possums have been controlled by government agencies for more than 4 decades, there is little quantitative information available on the costs of controlling possums or the extent to which costs vary. A number of ...

Possums, a native of Australia, were first liberated in New Zealand in 1858 to provide a source of fur. Today they number about 70 million and few parts of the country have not been invaded by possums. Possums have well ...

Protection of species and ecosystems from damage by introduced species typically involves use of taxpayer funds. Governments are increasingly concerned to ensure value for money is achieved, and request evaluation of these ...

Plant protection can encompass a number of activities. Weed control in cereals, competitor suppression for pine seedlings, weevil control in lucerne, control of fruit worm in tomatoes, black spot on apples, powdery mildew ...

This paper outlines the bio-physical processes and consequences of soil compaction, its economic significance for farmers, and the possible reasons for mismanagement of soil. Methodologies for valuing the effects of soil ...

A very large proportion of New Zealand's land area is reserved for conservation and recreation purposes. The Department of Conservation claims responsibility for the management of thirty percent of New Zealand land. Entry ...

Unit Day Values (UDV) have been widely used in North America to estimate the recreational and related benefits from parks and similar non-market resources. In essence they rely upon expert assessments based on previous ...